In the early days, the country Ghana was called "GOLD COAST", which was before colonialism in West Africa.
The area of the Republic of Ghana (the then Gold Coast) became known in Europe and Arabia as the Ghana Empire after the title of its Emperor, the Ghana.
Geographically, the ancient Ghana Empire was approximately 500 miles (800 km) north and west of the modern state of Ghana, and controlled territories in the area of the Senegal River and eastward towards the Niger River, in modern Senegal, Mauritania. A reduced kingdom continued to exist after the Almoravid rule ended, and it was later incorporated into subsequent Sahelian empires such as the Mali Empire.
Around the same time, south of the Mali empire in present-day northern Ghana, the Kingdom of Dagbon emerged. The decentralised states ruled by the tindaamba were unified into a kingdom. Many sub-kingdoms would later arise from Dagbon, including the Mossi Kingdoms of Burkina Faso and the Bouna Kingdom of the Ivory Coast.
Dagbon pioneered Ghana's earliest learning institutions, including a university town and a writing system, before European arrival.
Toward the end of the classical era, larger regional kingdoms had formed in West Africa, one of which was the Kingdom of Ghana, north of what is today the nation of Ghana.
Toward the end of the classical era, larger regional kingdoms had formed in West Africa, one of which was the Kingdom of Ghana, north of what is today the nation of Ghana.
Before its fall at the beginning of the 10th century, Akans migrated southward and founded several nation-states around their matriclans, including the first empire of the Bono State, founded in the 11th century and for which the Brong Ahafo (Bono Ahafo) region is named. The Mole Dagbon people, who founded the earliest centralised political kingdoms of Ghana, migrated from Lake Chad to present-day Ghana. Later, Akan ethnic groups such as the Ashanti, Akyem, Akwamu, Fante state and others are thought to possibly have roots in the original Bono State settlement at Bono Manso.
The Ashanti kingdom's government operated first as a loose network and eventually as a centralised empire-kingdom with an advanced, highly specialised bureaucracy centred on the capital Kumasi.
By the end of the 16th century, most of the ethnic groups constituting the modern Ghanaian population had settled in their present locations. Archaeological remains found in the coastal zone indicated that the area had been inhabited since the Bronze Age (ca. 2000 BC), but these societies, based on fishing, had left few traces.
Archaeological work also suggests that central Ghana, north of the forest zone, was inhabited as early as 3,000 to 4,000 years ago.
These migrations resulted in part from the formation and disintegration of a series of large states in the western Sudan (the region north of modern Ghana drained by the Niger River).
These migrations resulted in part from the formation and disintegration of a series of large states in the western Sudan (the region north of modern Ghana drained by the Niger River).
Strictly speaking, Ghana was the title of the king, but the Arabs, who left records of the kingdom, applied the term to the King, the capital, and the state. The 9th-century Berber historian and geographer AI Yaqubi described ancient Ghana as one of the three most organised states in the region. Its rulers were renowned for their wealth in gold, the opulence of their courts, and their warrior/hunting skills.
They were also masters of the trade in gold, which drew North African merchants to the western Sudan. To be continued.
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